Social anxiety, also known as social anxiety disorder (SAD), goes beyond the common discomfort experienced in social interactions. It reflects deeper issues of self-worth, acceptance, and belonging in human relationships. It is not merely the fear of being judged; it is a constant internal struggle against the perception of inadequacy.

A Society That Fuels Social Fear

In a hyperconnected society, digital interactions often mask or exacerbate social anxiety. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) become havens for those who avoid face-to-face contact. While these spaces allow the creation of “digital personas” that shield individuals from direct judgment, they can also deepen isolation and reinforce avoidance patterns.

This modern paradox underscores the need to consider the impact of the digital age when treating social anxiety. Technological tools provide temporary comfort but often perpetuate cycles of anxiety and detachment. Therefore, therapeutic approaches must integrate individual and sociocultural aspects to foster genuine reconnection.

Roots of Social Anxiety: From Childhood to Adulthood

Origins in Childhood and Adolescence

It is estimated that approximately 75% of social anxiety cases begin between the ages of 8 and 15, often as a response to significant experiences, such as:

• Bullying or public humiliation: Repetitive exclusionary situations that fuel feelings of rejection.
• Severe criticism from authority figures: Demeaning comments that undermine self-confidence.
• Rejection in social groups: Experiences of exclusion during formative identity stages.

These episodes establish patterns of self-critical thinking, reinforcing the belief that social interactions are constant tests of personal validation.

Neuropsychological Perspective

From a neurological standpoint, studies show that individuals with social anxiety exhibit hyperactivity in the amygdala, the region responsible for processing fear and threats (Etkin & Wager, 2007). This disproportionate response turns ordinary social situations into potential “dangers,” reinforcing the anxiety cycle.

Additionally, neuroscience research indicates that circuits involved in emotional regulation, such as the prefrontal cortex, are less activated, making rationalization during stressful moments more difficult (Shin & Liberzon, 2010).

Symptoms: Beyond the Visible

While commonly known physical symptoms like sweating, rapid heartbeat, and facial flushing are widely discussed, social anxiety affects less visible aspects of life:

Cognitive Distortions

• Automatic thoughts such as “I will fail,” “They will laugh at me,” or “I am not good enough” become frequent.
• The mind creates catastrophic scenarios that reinforce avoidance patterns and intensify feelings of shame.

Impact on Social and Professional Life

• Individuals with social anxiety avoid gatherings, events, and even simple interactions, such as ordering coffee or participating in meetings.
• Opportunities for personal and professional growth are compromised, leading to frustration and helplessness.

Profound Psychological Effects

• Chronic feelings of inadequacy.
• Development of secondary depression.
• Disconnection from one’s identity and loss of self-esteem.

Family Support: A Pillar of Treatment

While the family environment can be the source of social anxiety, it also has the potential to be an essential element in overcoming the disorder. For this to happen, it is necessary to:

• Avoid judgment: Understand that difficulties in interaction are not trivial or a lack of effort.
• Reinforce strengths: Help the individual identify their skills and achievements, promoting self-confidence.
• Respect the pace: Encourage gradual progress without imposing pressure or forcing uncomfortable situations.

Overcoming Social Anxiety: Reconnection and Resilience

Overcoming social anxiety is a process of reconnecting with oneself and others. It is not merely about facing feared situations but about rebuilding a healthy relationship with oneself and the world.

Above all, overcoming social anxiety requires patience and courage. Small daily steps can lead to significant transformations. With support, understanding, and appropriate interventions, it is possible to regain confidence, rebuild genuine connections, and live fully.

References

• Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007). Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(10), 1476-1488.
• Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010). The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(1), 169-191.